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Squid is a fully-featured HTTP/1.0 proxy which is almost (but not quite - we’re getting there!) HTTP/1.1 compliant. Squid offers a rich access control, authorization and logging environment to develop web proxy and content serving applications.

This is a short guide on how to set up a transparent squid proxy server. Squid is a caching proxy for the Web supporting HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and more. It reduces bandwidth and improves response times by caching and reusing frequently-requested web pages. Squid has extensive access controls and makes a great server accelerator.

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These instructions are for Canon all-in-one printers (printer, scanner, and copier in one unit). These instructions are for the Canon PIXMA MP160, but these instructions can be adapted for other all-in-one printers in the Canon PIXMA series of all-in-one printers. This is done entirely in the terminal. All terminal commands are in boldface.

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In setting up their wireless connection for the first time, Im discovering many individuals having problems connecting through Network Manager or other GUI wireless connection tools. In fact my Network Manager is intermittently buggy, connecting sometimes and not others. This guide benefits all users in case the GUI tools are not working, and is useful for testing a wireless connection during initial installation of wireless drivers since it provides for good debugging output.

Unencrypted/ WEP / WPA connections will be covered in this guide

Pre-requisites

1. Properly installed network driver — This guide can be used to troubleshoot driver installation to see if it is properly functioning

2. The ESSID of your router must be broadcasted and not hidden

3. Knowlege of your wireless cards driver (please see Prerequisite #4 to determine driver). Those using the r8187/r818x driver please see the end of the guide

4. Knowledge of your wireless card’s Interface Name - The user must know the proper interface of the wireless connection (wlan0, eth1, rausb1, etc). To discover this information, at command line type

lshw -C network

There may be multiple interfaces listed, however look under the section appropriate to your wireless device for the line labeled logical name. Here is an example

*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: BCM4306 802.11b/g Wireless LAN Controller
vendor: Broadcom Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@06:00.0
logical name: wlan0
version: 03
serial: 00:12:17:35:17:10
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ndiswrapper+lsbcmnds driverversion=1.48rc1+Cisco-Linksys ,LLC.,02/1 ip=192.168.1.101 latency=64 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11g
resources: iomemory:3c000000-3c001fff irq:11

In the example above the interface name is wlan0. I will refer to the interface name throughout the rest of this guide as [interface].

For people first setting up their connection, please note that the above also lists the driver used for the network card. In the example above, the driver used is ndiswrapper. If your network device comes back UNCLAIMED or there is no driver listed, then you have not correctly installed the driver for your device. You must review the procedures for installation of your wireless driver.

For those wanting to use static IP addresses, please see section at bottom of guide regarding configuration for static IP addresses

Unencrypted Connection

All commands typed at the command line:

sudo ifconfig [interface] down
sudo dhclient -r [interface]
sudo ifconfig [interface] up
sudo iwconfig [interface] essid “ESSID_IN_QUOTES”
sudo iwconfig [interface] mode Managed
sudo dhclient [interface]

WEP Connection

You must have either your 64bit or 128 bit HEX Key or the ASCII Equivalent of your HEX Key.

sudo ifconfig [interface] down
sudo dhclient -r [interface]
sudo ifconfig [interface] up
sudo iwconfig [interface] essid “ESSID_IN_QUOTES”
sudo iwconfig [interface] key HEX_KEY <<<——– If using ASCII Equivalent, this is s:ASCII_KEY (please make note of the prefix s:)
****Additional Comand that may be needed — sudo iwconfig [interface] key open <<<—-See note below
sudo iwconfig [interface] mode Managed
sudo dhclient [interface]

***The security mode may be open or restricted, and its meaning depends on the card used. With most cards, in open mode no authentication is used and the card may also accept non-encrypted sessions, whereas in restricted mode only encrypted sessions are accepted and the card will use authentication if available.

WEP Key and special characters

If your WEP key has some special characters in it. You might receive the error message

$ sudo iwconfig eth0 key s:KG”hSRaS{G!#[
sudo iwconfig eth0 key s:KG”hSRaS{Gsudo iwconfig eth0 key s:KG”hSRaS{G[

…..

$sudo dhclient eth0
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 10
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 14
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3
No DHCPOFFERS received.
No working leases in persistent database - sleeping.

You need to escape the special characters with a \ and it works

$sudo iwconfig eth0 key s:KG\”hSRaS\{G\!\#\[

WPA Connection - WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK

For uses of Ra-based chipsets: rt61, rt73, rt2500 please skip directly to the WPA Section entitled WPA with Ra based chipsets

Requirements: In most cases the wpa_supplicant package is required in order to connect via WPA. If you have a working ethernet or unencrypted/WEP wireless connection, this package may be installed via:

sudo aptitude install wpasupplicant

If only wireless is available, I would recommend that an unencrypted connection first by established and tested first before directly proceeding to make a WPA connection. WPA adds another layer of complexity.

Creation of /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf file

At command line:

gksu gedit /etc/wpa_supplicant.confInside the file add the following for WPA(1):

ap_scan=1
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant

network={
ssid=”ESSID_IN_QUOTES”
scan_ssid=0
proto=WPA
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk=”ASCII PSK Password in Quotes”
pairwise=TKIP
group=TKIP
}

For WPA(2)

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant

network={
ssid=”ESSID_IN_QUOTES”
psk=”ASCII PSK Password in Quotes”
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
proto=RSN
pairwise=CCMP
}

***Word of caution — In some cases I have found WPA(2) to have different settings than the above. Some Broadcom cards use the pairwise/group TKIP cipher for WPA2 rather than CCMP. I would suggest all initially use WPA(1) and then later convert to WPA2 since some variations to the above may be needed

Connect via command line

sudo ifconfig [interface] down
sudo dhclient -r [interface]
sudo wpa_supplicant -w -D[****see footer below***] -i[interface] -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -dd
sudo ifconfig [interface] up
sudo iwconfig [interface] mode Managed
sudo dhclient [interface]

***footer
The value listed here is dependent on the driver you have installed. Typing man wpa_supplicant at command line will give you the full gamut of choices however a quick reference
ndiswrapper=wext (use wext and not ndiswrapper despite what documentation might suggest)
ath_pci = madwifi
ipw2100/2200=ipw

WPA with Ra Based Chipsets

Ra cards do not require the wpa_supplicant package to use WPA. Here is how to connect from the command line with these cards

WPA(1)

sudo ifconfig [interface] down
sudo dhclient -r [interface]
sudo ifconfig [interface] up
sudo iwconfig [inteface] essid “ESSID_IN_QUOTES”
sudo iwpriv [interface] set AuthMode=WPAPSK
sudo iwpriv [interface] set EncrypType=TKIP
sudo iwpriv [interface] set WPAPSK=”YOUR_WPA_PSK_KEY”
sudo dhclient [interface]

A successful connection in all cases will results in this

user@computer:~$ sudo dhclient wlan0
There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.pid with pid 134993416
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.4
Copyright 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/

Listening on LPF/wlan0/00:12:17:35:17:10
Sending on LPF/wlan0/00:12:17:35:17:10
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1
bound to 192.168.1.101 — renewal in 299133 seconds.

The computer in this example has received an IP address of 192.168.1.101

Users of RTL 8180, RTL8185, RTL 8187 using the built in native r8187 / r818x drivers

By default the r8187 and r818x drivers are blacklisted due to a know bug. These drivers are usuable however with a twist to the above methods

If you want to try using these drivers, please load the kernel modules:

sudo modprobe r818x
sudo modprobe r8187

These drivers require a bogus or extra letter be suffixed to the essid name in order for these drivers to work

For example if your are trying to connect to a router with essid=Router, at he command line you would type essid=Routerx. Notice the extra x or bogus character. I have provided an example using the unencrypted connection procedure below, however this extra character needs to be used if attempting to connect to all network types (unencrypted/ WEP / WPA)

sudo ifconfig [interface] down
sudo dhclient -r [interface]
sudo ifconfig [interface] up
sudo iwconfig [interface] essid “Routerx”
sudo iwconfig [interface] mode Managed
sudo dhclient [interface]

If these drivers work for you, and you would like these drivers to load automatically at startup for you, avoiding to have to type sudo modprobe everytime, please edit your blacklist file

gksu gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist

And comment out (or prefix the following lines with a # sign). You want the following lines to appear as below:

#blacklist r8187
#blacklist r818x

Static IP Addresses

Im going to give an example of how to configure your interface using a static IP address using an unencrypted wireless connection. The two lines highlighted below however can be used with WEP and WPA connections. Values in italics must be customized to meet your particular situation

sudo ifconfig [interface] down
sudo dhclient -r [interface]
sudo ifconfig [interface] 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.1
sudo iwconfig [interface] essid “ESSID_IN_QUOTES”
sudo iwconfig [interface] mode Managed
sudo dhclient [interface]

If when using static IP addresses you are getting a problem with name resolution, you will have to specifiy specific dns (domain name servers) in order to translate URLs to IP addresses. Unfortunately there is not an easy way to configure this from the command line. This requires that you edit the /etc/resolv.conf file and manually enter the domain name server(s) you want to use. In many cases users can specifiy their router, their internet service providers dns servers, or use opendns (or use all three). Please note that changes made to the /etc/resolv.conf file will not be retained between reboots. To make the nameservers permanent, the /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf file needs to be edited

sudo gedit /etc/resolv.confand add the nameservers you want to use, one to a line, in the following format.

nameserver [nameserver]

You can add as many as you want but most isps normally provide two (primary and secondary).

Useful Wireless connection Commands

ifconfig - lists IP address (similar to ipconfig in Windows)

iwlist scan - shows wireless networks that are available in the area along with basic encryption information

lshw -C network - Shows interface and driver associated with each networking device

lspci -nn - Shows hardware connected to the pci bus

lsusb - Shows USB connected hardware

lshw -C usb - Additional info on USB related hardware (good for USB dongles)

cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist - List modules that will not be loaded by the Operating System at boot time

lsmod - lists currently loaded kernel modules. (Example usage - lsmod | grep ndiswrapper)

route -n - Lists kernel IP routing table — Good for troubleshooting problems with the gateway (netstat -rn = equivalent command)

sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.1 - Example of how to set the default gateway to 192.168.1.1

sudo route del default gw 192.168.1.1 - Example of how to delete the default gateway setting

sudo modprobe ***** - Loads the kernel module **** . (Example usage - sudo modprobe ndiswrapper, sudo modprobe r818x, sudo modprobe ath_pci)

sudo modprobe -r **** - Unloades the kernel module ****. (Example usage - sudo modprobe -r ndiswrapper)

sudo ifup/ifdown - Brings up/down the interface and clears the routing table for the specified interface

sudo ifconfig up/down - Brings up/down the interface for the specified interface

sudo dhclient - Request IP address from DNS server for specified interface

sudo dhclient -r - Release IP address associated with specified interface

sudo iptables -L - Lists firewall rules

dmesg | more - Lists boot log — good for troubleshooting problems with modules/drivers not being loaded

uname -r - Displays kernel version

/etc/iftab (Feisty and pre-releases (Edgy, etc)) - /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules (Gutsy) - File which assigns logical names (eth0, wlan0, etc) to MAC addresses

cat /etc/resolv.conf - Lists DNS servers associated with network connections (Network Manager)

/etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf - File which sets or modifies dns (domain name servers) settings

Credit goes kevdog

Tags: Networking, Troubleshoot wep wireless ubuntu, Troubleshoot Wireless Network Connection in Ubuntu, Troubleshoot wpa wireless ubuntuNetworking, Troubleshoot wep wireless ubuntu, Troubleshoot Wireless Network Connection in Ubuntu, Troubleshoot wpa wireless ubuntu

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I have test this script in my computer, and it works, but you know the relationship between ATI and systems Linux, and believe which is much better. I’m using Debian, anywhere system Debian based the configuration should be similar.

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Prism is a simple XULRunner-based browser that hosts web applications without the normal web browser user interface. Prism is based on a concept called Site-Specific Browsers (SSB). An SSB is designed to work exclusively with a single web application. It doesn’t have the menus, toolbars and other accoutrements of a traditional web browser. An SSB also offers tighter integration with the operating system and desktop than a typical web application running through a web browser. Applications running in an SSB are therefore able to benefit from many of the advantages of the desktop and of the web at the same time.

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Ubuntu 8.04 LTS is the upcoming version of the Ubuntu operating system. The common name given to this release from the time of its early development was “Hardy Heron”.

Note: This is still a beta release. Do not install it on production machines. The final stable version will be released in April 2008.

If you want to know what are new features in this release check here

Upgrade from 7.10 to 8.04 LTS Beta follow this procedure

Before you start Upgrading you need to know the following points

• This is still a beta release. Do not install it on production machines.

• You need to make sure you have complete backup of your machine

• Be sure that you have all updates applied to your current version of Ubuntu before you upgrade.

Now you need to Press Alt-F2 and type update-manager --devel-release Click on Run

Starting Update Manager in Progress

Now you can see New Distribution release 8.04 is available for upgrade click on upgrade

This will show you Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron Release notes click on upgrade

Now it will prompt for root password enter your root password click ok

Preparing for upgrade in progress

If you are using any third party sources in your /etc/apt/sources.list file it will be disabled at the time of upgrade process click close

If you have any unsupported libs installed in your machine you can see similar to the following screen click close

Starting the upgrade process window click on Start Upgrade

Downloading the new Packages in Progress

After downloading this will start the installation of packages if you have more than one display managers installed this will prompt you to choose your default display manager and click Forward

Installing Packages in Progress

Installing Packages in Progress in Terminal

If you have installed any applications this will prompt for you to restart the services with new libs click forward

Cleaning Up process in Progress

You need to restart the system to complete the Upgrade by clicking “Restart Now”

Testing Your Upgrade

You can check the ubuntu version installed using the following command

sudo lsb_release -a

Output Looks like below

Tags: General, Upgrade Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron), Upgrade Ubuntu 7.10 to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS, Upgrade Ubuntu 7.10 to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS step by step guide, Upgrade Ubuntu 7.10 to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS tutorial, Upgrade Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon to Ubuntu Hardy HeronGeneral, Upgrade Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron), Upgrade Ubuntu 7.10 to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS, Upgrade Ubuntu 7.10 to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS step by step guide, Upgrade Ubuntu 7.10 to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS tutorial, Upgrade Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon to Ubuntu Hardy Heron

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This is a simple “encryption” tool to work with common simple encryption algorithms (ROT13, Caesar, Vigenère, …) Gcipher does not provide any strong encryption and should not be used to encrypt any private data.Gcipher can run as either a GUI, a command-line application, or a network proxy.

Install gcipher in Ubuntu

sudo aptitude install gcipher

This will complete the installation

Using gcipher

gcipher [CIPHEROPTIONS]… [INPUT] [OUTPUT]

gcipher Examples

Encrypt a file using the Gie cipher:

gcipher -c Gie inputfile outputfile

Decrypt STDIN and output to STDOUT using Rot13:

gcipher -C Rot -k 13

Listen on port 1027 and act as a proxy for port 1028 on gnu.org. Decrypt the data coming from gnu.org and encrypt data going to gnu.org using Vigenere with key linux:

gcipher -c Vigenere -k linux -p gnu.org 1028 1027

Available CIPHERS

Gie - a simple cipher doable by hand; no key is required

Ceasar - Julius Ceasar’s code; no key is required

Rot - linear rotation; the amount of the rotation is given by the key which must be a number in the range [0, 25]

Vigenere - a version of ROT that uses a private key; the key must be made of lower-case letters

Available options

-c CIPHER - encrypt using the given cipher

-C CIPHER - decrypt using the given cipher

-k KEY - set the key for the previous cipher

-p PROXIEDHOST PROXIEDPORT LISTENINGPORT - act as a network proxy

gcipher GUI

If you want open GUI go to Applications—>Accessories—>GCipher

Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen

Now you need to select CIPHERS option

type the message you want to encrypt and click on encrypt

Tags: encryption tool ubuntu, gcipher examples, gcipher gui, gcipher screenshots, gcipher syntax, gcipher ubuntu, install gcipher ubuntu, securityencryption tool ubuntu, gcipher examples, gcipher gui, gcipher screenshots, gcipher syntax, gcipher ubuntu, install gcipher ubuntu, security

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Mass Rename is a simple pair of shell scripts which make it easier to move, rename, or copy multiple files at once. It is intended mainly as an automatic and simple way to rename multiple files with a customizable prefix and a progressive number. It is also possible to modify the rename format simply by editing one of the scripts. It is easy, complete, and efficient, and was written only in sh code.

Install mrename in ubuntu

sudo aptitude install mrename

This will complete the installation

Using mrename

Syntax

mrename pattern prefix [option]

mrename Examples

If you have a directory with two jpeg images prof.jpg and forp.jpg and you want to add them a prefix like item0, item1 etc.. (that is item0prof.jpg, item1forp.jpg etc..) do this:

cd /path/to/the/images

to copy each matching file into another with the new name

mrename *.jpg item -c

to rename each file without keeping a copy with the previous name

mrename *.jpg item -m

mrename Options

There are only the following three options.

-c The option -c will copy each file with the new filename.

-m The option -m will move each file in the new filename.

-h Display help.

Tags: General, install mrename ubuntu, mrename examples, mrename options, mrename syntax, mrename ubuntu, rename multiple files ubuntuGeneral, install mrename ubuntu, mrename examples, mrename options, mrename syntax, mrename ubuntu, rename multiple files ubuntu

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